The growth of industrial production has drawn attention to the study of occupational diseases. At the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries, the Italian physician B. Ramazzini laid the foundation for the study of industrial pathology and occupational health.
With the development of medicine, medical schools are emerging in different countries. In the 18th century, the Russian Empire established the Academy of Sciences (1724) and the Medical College (1763) - administrative centers in the field of medicine, as well as several .